By Michael Meranze
Updated Below: (1), (2), (3) (4)
The Labor and Protest actions continue in full force in Wisconsin. On Friday the 18th, a reported 40,000 people crammed themselves in and around the capitol in Madison to oppose Governor Scott Walker's efforts not only to roll back the wages and benefits of public workers but to deny them collective bargaining rights. Unionists, teachers, students, allies, and even professors from the University of Wisconsin have converged on the capitol to demand that the Republicans back down from their plans.
Walker claims that he is being forced to cut worker pay and benefits due to budget deficits this year and anticipated over the next several years. But as with other budget deficits it is debatable how much union contracts have actually contributed to the actual deficit. Walker and the Republicans had no problem in passing new corporate tax breaks in a special session--breaks that will increase the deficit by millions over the next several years. Union leaders (and Wisconsin Democrats) have made it clear that they are willing to sit down with the Governor to negotiate cutbacks in the interest of the state's overall heal. No, the real issue here is the attack on collective bargaining. Walker and Wisconsin's Republicans are using their control of both the executive and legislative branches to destroy the ability of Wisconsin's public workers to negotiate on their own behalf.
If Wisconsin is in the news--in part because of the opposition it has generated--it is not alone. Walker is only one of a series of new breed Republican governors who are deploying their political power to use the Great Recession as an opportunity to destroy public sector unions. Governors in New Jersey, Ohio, and elsewhere have made attacks on unions--especially public sector unions--their main political tactic and strategy. Jeb Bush and New Gingrich are actively campaigning to change the rules for state bankruptcy explicitly to destroy worker pensions and benefits. The decades long Republican campaign (with the assistance of the DLC wing of the Democratic Party) to destroy unions may be reaching its climax.
In part, the Republicans see their opportunity because of the long-term decline in private sector unionization, the decline in real wages and earnings for most Americans, and the extreme distress brought on in the Great Recession. The labor movement as it exists today has its greatest strength in the public sector. If the Republicans are able to leverage popular resentment toward public sector workers into a successful destruction of their collective bargaining rights, what little resistance to the power of corporations and the growth of inequality in the country will disappear.
If the developments in Wisconsin seem far afield from higher education in California they are not. Had Meg Whitman been elected last fall we would be witnessing a similar effort (and we may yet through the initiative). But more broadly the attack on collective bargaining rights for public workers is an attack on the public sector, indeed on the idea of shared public good itself. As these fights are fought in Wisconsin they will shape our future as well; if they are lost they will simply embolden the opponents of the public sector elsewhere--including in California.
But the efforts to defend worker's rights in Wisconsin should not be overlooked. The Republican efforts have provoked a popular and wide reaction. What is striking is that the opposition has not been limited to the workers affected by Walker's attacks. Instead, activists have brought together an alliance of people who are seeing beyond their normal sectoral interests in defending a larger vision of the public good and basic equity in society. They suggest one possible path for articulating a rejuvenated public that might push back against the efforts to remake society into a series of gated communities surrounded by a mass of disposable laborers.
As we move ahead we need to try to think of ways to learn from that.
There is a petition circulating for Scholars in support of Collective Bargaining in Wisconsin. You can find it here.
Update: Bob Samuels has posted a first-person account from a UC-AFT member at Changing Universities.
Update 2: Eric Foner has offered a historical commentary on the situation in Wisconsin in the LRB Blog.
Update 3: A View from the University of Wisconsin.
Update 4: Walker's Latest Move.
Saturday, February 19, 2011
Tuesday, February 15, 2011
More UK Humanities Under Attack
Early hopes that governmental and university authorities in Scotland might resist the siren call of cutbacks in the humanities and social sciences appear to have been premature. Glasgow university has unveiled plans to consolidate history, archeology, and classics and to scrap most of the modern language departments. In addition, anthropology, nursing, and social work may be cut. Faculty and supporters have responded with a public letter (unfortunately behind a firewall). They are also circulating a petition in defense of the teaching and study of foreign languages. They are asking for people to sign it to show support.
If there are any updates we will add it to this post.
If there are any updates we will add it to this post.
Counter-Conference
Saturday, February 12, 2011
Budget Matters (Part I)
By Michael Meranze
The pilgrimage of President Yudof and Chancellors Reed and Scott to Sacramento was notable for a number of reasons. First, while they were there for an Assembly hearing they chose to present a united front at their press conference. Instead of the usual arms length distance between the sectors, the three administrators made clear that California’s higher education future was at systematic risk. They insisted that California was at a crossroads: the proposed budget cuts building on poor public policy going back decades. Yudof and Reed, for example, both made the case that CSU and UC were effectively being given budgets equivalent to the late 1990s while the size of their student bodies had increased dramatically. Scott and Reed were more militant than was Yudof but none of them tried to deny the dismal character of the present. They each insisted that unless funding changed, the systems would shrink and increasing numbers of Californians would be shut out of higher education. Indeed, that closing off of opportunity has already begun.
Implicit in all of their comments was the reality that President Yudof’s proposed “hybrid university” could not succeed. Understandably enough, Yudof did not say this fact outright. But it hovered over his presentation all the same. In both his press conference and in his statement to the Committee he pulled down the pillars of his own conception. First, he recognized that declining state support for public higher education was not a fact of nature but a conscious, and reversible, policy decision. Second he acknowledged that neither student tuition nor fund-raising could sustain the University. Third, there was his remarkable statement to the Committee that UC loses “money on virtually every research contract that we enter into.” (Hearing at about 49. minutes in). Yudof thereby joined with Reed and Scott in emphasizing the argument that UC, CSU, and the CC could not fulfill their legal mandates without firm and growing public funding.
The problem facing Reed, Scott, and Yudof however is that—having had public funding decline for decades, something the UC Regents, at least, have been complicit in—they are now confronting a budget where they have little or no political leverage. As damaging as Brown’s budget is for Higher Education its real horrors lie elsewhere. While Brown has placed great emphasis on his proposed “realignment” strategy whereby more responsibility and revenue will be shifted to the counties, the most dramatic pain will be imposed on those who still depend on the state. Over 50% of Brown’s proposed spending reductions target health and human services. Children and the elderly, the sick and the poor will bear the major pain of these budget cuts.
Nor is Brown doing anything to challenge the basic inequities in the ways that government is funded or intervenes in the economy and society. Brown has proclaimed that his proposed budget provides a balance approach to revenue and spending. But we should be clear what that means. Brown is not proposing any new revenue sources. His revenue solutions are to continue already existing but temporary taxes. (4) There is no discussion of an oil extraction tax, or any attempt to take back some of the recent giveaways to corporations. Indeed, he is allowing the Republicans to cast an extension of already existing taxes as a tax increase.
There is no discussion of making the tax system itself fairer. One often forgotten reality is that in California, despite the formal progressivity of the income tax, poorer Californians pay a larger percentage of their income than do the wealthy. (CBP,33) Brown is not trying to change that inequity or to push corporations to pay more. His strategy on taxes appears to be to hold the revenue streams constant until a more sustained economic recovery occurs. Of course that presumes that it will.
There are numerous political, economic, and social reasons to be skeptical of Brown’s budget strategies. And I hope to address some of these in a forthcoming post.
But a second important theme emerged from the hearings and press conference. Both Reed and Yudof made clear that their approach to this year’s cuts was different than the one they imposed two summers ago. First, assuming that Brown’s tax extension passes in June, they indicated that they would not ask for tuition raises at this point. Second, they made clear that they did not see the cuts being implemented at the system-wide system. Whereas the crisis of 2009 was largely handled through furloughs, fee increases, and pressures on union negotiations, Reed and Yudof insisted that now the cuts would be determined and implemented at the level of the campuses. At UC this process will overlap with an ongoing debate within the Senate and administrations about a reformulated system for the distribution of revenues to the campuses.
Exactly how this process will take place is extremely unclear. Although both administrators assured the legislature that there will be an open discussion and decision-making process, the calendar is very compressed. Yudof has asked each campus for a plan by the end of February so that he can present his plan to the March Regents meeting. Reed seemed to be moving along a similar schedule (with campus admission numbers promised almost immediately). Both made clear that programs and services were potentially on the cutting block.
While it may seem quixotic these plans mean that faculty and staff need to be vigilant and active in responding to proposals on their campuses. Staff members, as always, are most vulnerable to ill-thought out strategies. UC Berkeley’s administration will whine that it is being asked to take a proportional cut along with the other campuses but wastes millions paying Bain to accomplish little but staff demoralization and an apparent lessening of effectiveness. But hopefully, staff unions and organizations will push to get a greater say in how changes are implemented. The CSU faculty also has a system-wide union (the California Faculty Association) which is pushing to have a say in the way that cuts on their campuses will be approached. I hope that CSU faculty and staff will keep us apprised of their efforts and let us know if we can be of any help.
The UC Faculty is in a different situation. Despite the rhetoric of shared governance our actual leverage over these matters has been quite limited. Although the system-wide Senate effectively improved the pension “reforms” traditionally it has been too far removed from local faculty. Faculty themselves are split by discipline, interest, generation, and campus. We lack a system-wide voice that is meaningfully independent from UCOP.
In the immediate moment faculty who are part of the Senate need to be sure to push for greater openness and input in the process; those who are not in the Senate (or other college and university committees) need to push those who are. After all, the responses to the cuts are going to be taking place in evaluating programs and departments—faculties, like staff, have deep interests in these. And in so far as instructional decisions are involved faculty have a claim to authority over them.
In the longer term we need to seek to invigorate those levers that we have and to create new ones where necessary. At the very least I think that people need to become more active within the Senate as a way of achieving greater transparency and pushing both Senate leaders and the administration to open up decision making.
But we also need a larger discussion. We have had a great many concrete suggestions for responding to the budget problems and debates over tactics in the here and now. We have had less discussion about building or engaging with institutions. Such an effort would entail some shift of attention from departments to campuses and the university as a whole. But given the long-term pressures it is necessary. Do we think that the Senate can be transformed sufficiently? Can we, in fact, get greater involvement in, and mobilization of the Senate? Is there some way to better link committed faculty across campuses? Campaigns? Unions? Faculty Associations?
To be sure, these decisions must take into the wider context of the state and national budgets. But the process within the university has started. We can wait no longer.
The pilgrimage of President Yudof and Chancellors Reed and Scott to Sacramento was notable for a number of reasons. First, while they were there for an Assembly hearing they chose to present a united front at their press conference. Instead of the usual arms length distance between the sectors, the three administrators made clear that California’s higher education future was at systematic risk. They insisted that California was at a crossroads: the proposed budget cuts building on poor public policy going back decades. Yudof and Reed, for example, both made the case that CSU and UC were effectively being given budgets equivalent to the late 1990s while the size of their student bodies had increased dramatically. Scott and Reed were more militant than was Yudof but none of them tried to deny the dismal character of the present. They each insisted that unless funding changed, the systems would shrink and increasing numbers of Californians would be shut out of higher education. Indeed, that closing off of opportunity has already begun.
Implicit in all of their comments was the reality that President Yudof’s proposed “hybrid university” could not succeed. Understandably enough, Yudof did not say this fact outright. But it hovered over his presentation all the same. In both his press conference and in his statement to the Committee he pulled down the pillars of his own conception. First, he recognized that declining state support for public higher education was not a fact of nature but a conscious, and reversible, policy decision. Second he acknowledged that neither student tuition nor fund-raising could sustain the University. Third, there was his remarkable statement to the Committee that UC loses “money on virtually every research contract that we enter into.” (Hearing at about 49. minutes in). Yudof thereby joined with Reed and Scott in emphasizing the argument that UC, CSU, and the CC could not fulfill their legal mandates without firm and growing public funding.
The problem facing Reed, Scott, and Yudof however is that—having had public funding decline for decades, something the UC Regents, at least, have been complicit in—they are now confronting a budget where they have little or no political leverage. As damaging as Brown’s budget is for Higher Education its real horrors lie elsewhere. While Brown has placed great emphasis on his proposed “realignment” strategy whereby more responsibility and revenue will be shifted to the counties, the most dramatic pain will be imposed on those who still depend on the state. Over 50% of Brown’s proposed spending reductions target health and human services. Children and the elderly, the sick and the poor will bear the major pain of these budget cuts.
Nor is Brown doing anything to challenge the basic inequities in the ways that government is funded or intervenes in the economy and society. Brown has proclaimed that his proposed budget provides a balance approach to revenue and spending. But we should be clear what that means. Brown is not proposing any new revenue sources. His revenue solutions are to continue already existing but temporary taxes. (4) There is no discussion of an oil extraction tax, or any attempt to take back some of the recent giveaways to corporations. Indeed, he is allowing the Republicans to cast an extension of already existing taxes as a tax increase.
There is no discussion of making the tax system itself fairer. One often forgotten reality is that in California, despite the formal progressivity of the income tax, poorer Californians pay a larger percentage of their income than do the wealthy. (CBP,33) Brown is not trying to change that inequity or to push corporations to pay more. His strategy on taxes appears to be to hold the revenue streams constant until a more sustained economic recovery occurs. Of course that presumes that it will.
There are numerous political, economic, and social reasons to be skeptical of Brown’s budget strategies. And I hope to address some of these in a forthcoming post.
But a second important theme emerged from the hearings and press conference. Both Reed and Yudof made clear that their approach to this year’s cuts was different than the one they imposed two summers ago. First, assuming that Brown’s tax extension passes in June, they indicated that they would not ask for tuition raises at this point. Second, they made clear that they did not see the cuts being implemented at the system-wide system. Whereas the crisis of 2009 was largely handled through furloughs, fee increases, and pressures on union negotiations, Reed and Yudof insisted that now the cuts would be determined and implemented at the level of the campuses. At UC this process will overlap with an ongoing debate within the Senate and administrations about a reformulated system for the distribution of revenues to the campuses.
Exactly how this process will take place is extremely unclear. Although both administrators assured the legislature that there will be an open discussion and decision-making process, the calendar is very compressed. Yudof has asked each campus for a plan by the end of February so that he can present his plan to the March Regents meeting. Reed seemed to be moving along a similar schedule (with campus admission numbers promised almost immediately). Both made clear that programs and services were potentially on the cutting block.
While it may seem quixotic these plans mean that faculty and staff need to be vigilant and active in responding to proposals on their campuses. Staff members, as always, are most vulnerable to ill-thought out strategies. UC Berkeley’s administration will whine that it is being asked to take a proportional cut along with the other campuses but wastes millions paying Bain to accomplish little but staff demoralization and an apparent lessening of effectiveness. But hopefully, staff unions and organizations will push to get a greater say in how changes are implemented. The CSU faculty also has a system-wide union (the California Faculty Association) which is pushing to have a say in the way that cuts on their campuses will be approached. I hope that CSU faculty and staff will keep us apprised of their efforts and let us know if we can be of any help.
The UC Faculty is in a different situation. Despite the rhetoric of shared governance our actual leverage over these matters has been quite limited. Although the system-wide Senate effectively improved the pension “reforms” traditionally it has been too far removed from local faculty. Faculty themselves are split by discipline, interest, generation, and campus. We lack a system-wide voice that is meaningfully independent from UCOP.
In the immediate moment faculty who are part of the Senate need to be sure to push for greater openness and input in the process; those who are not in the Senate (or other college and university committees) need to push those who are. After all, the responses to the cuts are going to be taking place in evaluating programs and departments—faculties, like staff, have deep interests in these. And in so far as instructional decisions are involved faculty have a claim to authority over them.
In the longer term we need to seek to invigorate those levers that we have and to create new ones where necessary. At the very least I think that people need to become more active within the Senate as a way of achieving greater transparency and pushing both Senate leaders and the administration to open up decision making.
But we also need a larger discussion. We have had a great many concrete suggestions for responding to the budget problems and debates over tactics in the here and now. We have had less discussion about building or engaging with institutions. Such an effort would entail some shift of attention from departments to campuses and the university as a whole. But given the long-term pressures it is necessary. Do we think that the Senate can be transformed sufficiently? Can we, in fact, get greater involvement in, and mobilization of the Senate? Is there some way to better link committed faculty across campuses? Campaigns? Unions? Faculty Associations?
To be sure, these decisions must take into the wider context of the state and national budgets. But the process within the university has started. We can wait no longer.
Wednesday, February 9, 2011
Higher Ed Administrators In Sacramento
President Yudof and Chancellors Reed and Scott made their way up to Sacramento on Monday for a press conference and testimony to the Legislature.
You can see the Press Conference Here.
You can watch the Hearing Here.
Jack Scott's Press Statement is Here
The CSU Press Release is Here.
Mark Yudof's Prepared Testimony is Here.
Thanks To Cloudminder for some of the links!
Commentary and Context to follow soon.
You can see the Press Conference Here.
You can watch the Hearing Here.
Jack Scott's Press Statement is Here
The CSU Press Release is Here.
Mark Yudof's Prepared Testimony is Here.
Thanks To Cloudminder for some of the links!
Commentary and Context to follow soon.
Friday, February 4, 2011
Orange County DA Criminalizes Dissent: Charges Irvine Protesters
The Orange County District Attorney has brought misdemeanor conspiracy charges against eleven of the Irvine Students who protested the speech of Michael Oren last spring. Campus officials already imposed penalties on students and suspended the Muslim Students Association for a year. The Orange County District Attorney is seeking to impose legal penalties on top of university penalties and has indicated that he has filed the charges because the students of an “organized attempt to squelch the speaker."
Further information on the actual charges can be found here.
Information on some responses can be found here.
There are two petitions being circulated against the effort to criminalize the student's actions. If you are a member of the UCIrvine community you can find one here. If you are outside the UCIrvine Community you can find one here.
These petitions were drawn up before the actual charges but you can still sign them.
Update: 100 UCI Professors Have Signed a Petition and Issued A Statement Calling for the District Attorney to Drop the Charges. You can read it HERE.
Further information on the actual charges can be found here.
Information on some responses can be found here.
There are two petitions being circulated against the effort to criminalize the student's actions. If you are a member of the UCIrvine community you can find one here. If you are outside the UCIrvine Community you can find one here.
These petitions were drawn up before the actual charges but you can still sign them.
Update: 100 UCI Professors Have Signed a Petition and Issued A Statement Calling for the District Attorney to Drop the Charges. You can read it HERE.
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